Niora Lessons

[Kitsune]

Here I will post Vocab lessons and what you may experience if you were to somehow take Niora in school.

Before you read any of the lessons here, please review the alphabet and pronunciation by going here.

Also, there is a rule you must know for any Niora pronunciation. Any time you have two of the same vowels next to each other in sperate words, you remove the first vowel and replace it with an apostrophe, then when you pronounce the words together, you blend them and put the stress on whichever syllable comes before the apostrophie.

Example: "Yolaka ale!" ("Hello all!") which is initially pronounced "yo-LA-ka A-le", would become: "Yolak'ale!" which is pronounced "Yo - LAK - a - le".

This rule applies to all Niora sentence structures except quotations, so keep it in mind. =)

[Kitsune]

Hello all! The first lesson in Niora is how to say everyday phrases and greetings.

[glow=red, 2,300]Greetings![/glow]

Yolaka - Hello
Yoka/Yola - Hi
Neshu - Goodbye
Shulu - Bye

Please note that 'yolaka' and 'yola/yoka' are also used when you are saying 'good morning', 'good day', and 'good evening'. Also, 'neshu' and 'shulu' may be used for 'good night'. Please note that you'd never actually say 'good night' and mean it in the context of how we use it in English. You'd say 'shulu' or 'neshu' for this. Its a cultural thing. If you did use 'good morning' or 'good night', it would really mean something like 'its a beautiful morning' or 'its a gorgeous night'.

How are you? - Oshi sate noki?
I'm... - Sate la...
good/well - miko
unwell/sick - sanike
happy - firo
sad/upset - file
awful - biniki
awsome - paki
bad - kaka
busy - rodido
calm/at peace - serena
fine - minai
great - norolo
horrid - atudo
mad/angry - kesei
magnificent - shone
super - kuso-kuso

[glow=red, 2,300]Useful Expressions![/glow]

Eta noki? - And you?
l'aku - me too
anokike la - excuse me
seku - thanks/thank you
tomee - I'm sorry/sorry
sekii - please
ukiso du - your welcome (This literally means 'no problem')

[Kitsune]

[glow=red,2,300]How to count in Niora![/glow]

0 nu
1 one
2 ute
3 iti
4 odu
5 fido
6 sesu
7 nani
8 kolo
9 meti
10 moki

11 moki-one
12 moki-ute
13 moki-iti
14 moki-odu
15 moki-fido
16 moki-sesu
17 moki-nani
18 moki-kolo
19 moki-meti

20 ute-moki
21 ute-moki-one
22 ute-moki-ute
23 ute-moki-iti
24 ute-moki-odu
25 ute-moki-fido

30 iti-moki
31 iti-moki-one
32 iti-moki-ute
33 iti-moki-iti
34 iti-moki-odu
35 iti-moki-fido

40 odu-moki
50 fido-moki
60 sesu-moki
70 nani-moki
80 kolo-moki
90 meti-moki

100 huni
101 huni-one
102 huni-ute
103 huni-iti

150 huni-fido-moki
175 huni-nani-moki-fido
245 ute-huni-odu-moki-fido

1000 chini
1567 chini-fido-huni-sesu-moki-nani
8769 kolo-chini-nani-huni-sesu-moki-meti

If you don't understand how the numbering system works, please feel free to pm me. ^_^

[Kitsune]

[glow=red,2,300]Verbs and Sentence Order![/glow]

First off, the sentence order in Niora is VSDOIO, or Verb, Subject, Direct object, Indirect object.

Example: I give him a cookie.
Niora WO: Give I a cookie him.
Niora: Gikeno la osi kekesa mi.

In case there's confusion, here's how you differentiate between direct and indirect object:

Direct object tells what is being 'verbed' or in the example above, 'given'. Ask yourself 'what/who is being given?' The answer, 'a cookie' is the direct object.

Indirect object tells to whom or what is being 'verbed' or 'given'. Ask yourself, 'who/what is the cookie being given to?' the answer is 'him', so 'him' is the indirect object.

[glow=red,2,300]PLEASE REMEMBER THAT SENTENCE ORDER NEVER CHANGES UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES![/glow]

As such, there are no accusative or dative personal pronouns in Niora. You never say, 'me', you say 'I' in Niora because the sentence order depicts case, and therefore, no change is needed. And besides, this actually makes it easier on you because you don't need to memorize more than one word for 'I'.

Also note that there is only one verb that is conjugated per clause in Niora. So something like, 'She walked across the room and sat down.' is really, 'She walked across the room and to sit.' in Niora. This brings us to the issue of verbs.

[glow=red,2,300]How to conjugate verbs in Niora![/glow]

First off, verbs end in either 'eshi' or 'keshi'. Also, all verbs are regular. Here is a chart with the personal pronouns. Memorize them or you'll never speak properly in Niora:

PERSONAL PRONOUNS!

I - 'la'
you - 'noki'
he - 'mi'
she - 'na'
it - 'chi'

we - 'korola'
you all (you plural) - 'chae'
they - 'chieta'

Conjugations for 'keshi' verbs:

I - 'la' = ---
you - 'noki' = ---
he - 'mi' = --ke
she - 'na' = --ke
it - 'chi' = --ke

we - 'korola' = --shi
you all (you plural) - 'chae' = --shi
they - 'chieta' = --ku

Conjugations for 'eshi' verbs:

I - 'la' = --e
you - 'noki' = --e
he - 'mi' = -eke
she - 'na' = -eke
it - 'chi' = -eke

we - 'korola' = -eshi
you all (you plural) - 'chae' = -eshi
they - 'chieta' = -eku

Examples:

'sateshi' = 'to be' (an 'eshi' verb)

I - 'la' = sate
you - 'noki' = sate
he - 'mi' = sateke
she - 'na' = sateke
it - 'chi' = sateke

we - 'korola' = sateshi
you all (you plural) - 'chae' = sateshi
they - 'chieta' = sateku

'nikeshi' = 'to be hungry' (a 'keshi' verb)

I - 'la' = ni
you - 'noki' = ni
he - 'mi' = nike
she - 'na' = nike
it - 'chi' = nike

we - 'korola' = nishi
you all (you plural) - 'chae' = nishi
they - 'chieta' = niku

[glow=red,2,300]Useful verbs:[/glow]

sateshi -- to be
nikeshi -- to be hungry
totokeshi -- to be thirsty

pageshi -- to swim
soeshi -- to fly
mimeshi -- to go
khlakeshi -- to walk/travel
suigakeshi -- to play/do

shakeshi -- to eat
toteshi -- to drink

fuaakeshi -- to hear
aukeshi -- to see

[Kitsune]

[glow=red,2,300]Sentence Types![/glow]

There are three sentence types you should know. They are:

Question
Command
Statement

[glow=red,2,300]All about Questions![/glow]

So the way to form a yes or no question is to add the particle "Niya" to the beginning of the sentence, since sentence order never changes. This is very similar to the Japanese "ka".

Example: You swim. = Page noki. [vs.] Do you swim? = Niya page noki?

Negative questions and Assumptions

If you need to say something like "You swim, don't you?" or "You swim, right?" You'd add the particle "kikii" to the end of the sentence.

Example: You swim. = Page noki. [vs.] You swim, don't you? = Page noki, kikii?

[glow=red,2,300]IMPORTANT![/glow]

When you answer a "kikii" question, and you agree with the person's assumption, you'd use the word "naa", NEVER the word "kisai". This removes the confusion when it comes to double negatives.

Ex:"You swim, right?" = "Page noki, kikii?"
Answer: "Naa, page la." = You're correct, I do swim."

Ex. 2: "You don't swim, right?" = "Inipage noki, kikii?"
Answer: "Naa, inipage la." = "You're correct, I don't swim."

"Naa" is a very usefull and expressive word that we'll cover again later. But for now, think of it as a condensed way of saying, "You're correct in that assumption." or "I agree with you."

COMPLEX QUESTIONS!

Okay, now you know how to form yes-no questions, but what about questions that can't be answered with a simple yes or no? Well here you are.

To form one of these questions, add one of the question words below to the beginning of the sentence. You don't need 'niya' in this case.

Who [=] Ona
What/Which [=] Oro
When [=] Oki
Where [=] Ote
Why [=] Oma
How [=] Oshi

Example: Where do you learn Niora? = Ote jile noki Niora?

And that's pretty much it when it comes to questions. =D

[glow=red,2,300]Commands![/glow]

To form a command in Niora, you may choose to do one of a few things.

The easiest way of forming a command is by using the infinitive of the verb.

Ex: "Swim!" = "Pageshi!"

Another way to form a command is to use "feshiko", the command particle. Place it before the infinitive:

Ex: "Feshiko pageshi!" = "Swim!"

This adds more emphasis to what you're saying.

Yet another way to form a command in Niora is to use the "feshiko + verb + person" formula.

To do this, you must take into account how many people you are commanding, and if yourself is included. (If you are included, then it'd be like saying "Let's" in English, so it's not actually a command so to speak.)

So, say you're telling one person other than yourself to swim, first you'd figure out the second person singular form of the verb, "page" and then add the pronoun "noki" afterwards. (The second person singular once again, remember, everything has to match.)

So far you should have this: "page noki"

Then all you do is add "feshiko" to the beginning. So the finished product is:

"Feshiko page noki!"

You might be saying, "Well that's great, but what about telling a group of people to do something? Or what if you're telling yourself to do something? What if you are included in a group who you're telling to do something?"

Well then, the formula's the same, you'd just change the verb and pronoun.

Always use this method:

Are you commanding more than one person? = If yes, use the plural form of the pronoun and verb, if no, use singular.

Are you included? = If yes, use the first person form of the verb and pronoun, if no, use second person.

Then add "Feshiko" to the beginning.

Let's use "Let's swim!" with the formula:

Are you commanding more than one person? = Yes, use plural.
Are you included? = Yes, use first person.
Don't forget to add "Feshiko!"

Hence, "let's swim!" becomes: "Feshiko pageshi korola!"

Simple enough, right? =)
-------------

Now, there is yet another way to use "feshiko". And that is when suggesting to someone that "they should..." "he should..." or "it should..."

What you do, is use the command formula above, but replace the pronoun with "mi", "na", "chi", or "chieta" and the proper verb form.

NOTE: This is NOT used for the first or second person! There's a seperate word for that, which is "feshika". Use this with the same formula when saying things like, "I should..." "You should..." and "We should..."

EXAMPLE:

He should swim. = Feshiko pageke mi.
You all should swim. = Feshika pageshi chae.
They should swim. = Feshiko pageku chieta.

[Kitsune]

I've updated these posts! Check it out!